Bile Arisaema

Chinese
胆星
Pinyin
Dan Xing
Latin
Rhizoma Arisaema Cum Bile

TCM Properties

Taste
bitter, acrid
Temperature
cool
Channels
Lung, Liver, Spleen

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Clears heat-phlegm and opens obstruction - used for thick turbid phlegm, heat signs, and clouded consciousness when phlegm lodges in the Lung or sensory orifices.
  • Extinguishes wind and relieves convulsive disorders - a focused processing form for epilepsy, stroke, pediatric fright, and phlegm-heat spasms.
  • Targets phlegm-heat cough and rattling sputum - especially when the cough is secondary to hot, tenacious phlegm rather than cold-damp accumulation.
  • Embodies the abbreviation of Dan Nan Xing - Dan Xing is simply the shortened trade or prescription name for the same bile-processed Arisaema medicine.

Secondary Actions

  • This record is preserved separately only because the source spreadsheet used the abbreviated name Dan Xing instead of the full Dan Nan Xing.
  • Its use is strongest where internal wind and phlegm-heat combine, not where dryness, qi deficiency, or purely cold-phlegm predominates.

Classic Formulas

  • Niu Huang Bao Long Wan (牛黄抱龙丸) - classic heat-phlegm convulsion pill that uses Dan Xing or Dan Nan Xing to cool phlegm and calm fright.
  • Qi Zhen Dan (七珍丹) - pediatric fright-convulsion formula tradition incorporating Dan Xing to settle phlegm-heat disturbance.

Classical References

  • TCM Wiki explicitly lists Dan Xing as an alternate name under Dan Nan Xing, confirming that the two slugs represent the same processed medicine rather than distinct herbs.
  • Processing with bile is the defining feature of this drug identity and is what distinguishes it from warm toxic Tian Nan Xing in both nature and indication.
  • IMPORT NOTE: This `-2` slug is a synonym record, not a separate species or separate processed product.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Cholic-acid lineage compounds (bile acids) - defining processing constituents introduced by the bile-fermentation method
  • Chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid derivatives (bile acids) - part of the measured cooling-processing profile
  • Taurocholic and glycocholic acid derivatives (conjugated bile acids) - quality-control markers in modern analytical work
  • Arisaema lectin and polysaccharide residues (rhizome macromolecules) - retained plant constituents within the processed medicinal
  • Fermentation-generated transformation products (processing metabolites) - reflect the clinically meaningful shift from raw to bile-processed Arisaema

Studied Effects

  • Fermentation chemistry and anti-inflammatory relevance - twelve bile acids were quantified to explain the processing mechanism of bile arisaema, and associated cell work supported anti-inflammatory potential (PMID 31662947)
  • Drug-property research - rat metabolism studies found Arisaema Cum Bile expresses a cool property distinct from warm Tian Nan Xing, supporting its traditional indication shift (PMID 36164875)
  • Fever-reducing and cytokine-lowering effects - bile-fermented Arisaema extracts reduced inflammatory mediators and body temperature in experimental fever models (PMID 40350870)
  • Metabolic regulation - lipidomics research suggested Dan Xing can influence PPAR signaling and lipid handling in hyperlipidemic rats (PMID 41508208)

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Dry non-phlegm cough or yin-deficiency patterns
  • Convulsive disorders without phlegm-heat
  • Replacement with raw or inadequately processed Arisaema

Cautions

  • Dan Xing is a synonym for bile-processed Arisaema, not a general shorthand for any Nan Xing product; correct processing identity matters
  • Use cautiously in weak patients unless there is a clear phlegm-heat or closure presentation justifying this focused medicinal
  • MSK page not found - drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database

Conditions