Bile Arisaema
- Chinese
- 胆星
- Pinyin
- Dan Xing
- Latin
- Rhizoma Arisaema Cum Bile
Known in TCM as Dan Xing (胆星), this bitter and acrid, cool herb enters the Lung, Liver, and Spleen. Traditionally, it clears heat-phlegm and opens obstruction - used for thick turbid phlegm, heat signs, and clouded consciousness when phlegm lodges in the Lung or sensory orifices, most often applied for epilepsy, stroke, and productive cough. Modern research has identified Cholic-acid among its active constituents.
Part used: Rhizome
Also Known As
Latin: Rhizoma Arisaema Cum Bile | Pinyin: Dan Xing | Chinese: 胆星
TCM Properties
- Taste
- bitter, acrid
- Temperature
- cool
- Channels
- Lung, Liver, Spleen
Traditional Use
Primary Actions
- Clears heat-phlegm and opens obstruction - used for thick turbid phlegm, heat signs, and clouded consciousness when phlegm lodges in the Lung or sensory orifices.
- Extinguishes wind and relieves convulsive disorders - a focused processing form for epilepsy, stroke, pediatric fright, and phlegm-heat spasms.
- Targets phlegm-heat cough and rattling sputum - especially when the cough is secondary to hot, tenacious phlegm rather than cold-damp accumulation.
- Embodies the abbreviation of Dan Nan Xing - Dan Xing is simply the shortened trade or prescription name for the same bile-processed Arisaema medicine.
Secondary Actions
- This record is preserved separately only because the source spreadsheet used the abbreviated name Dan Xing instead of the full Dan Nan Xing.
- Its use is strongest where internal wind and phlegm-heat combine, not where dryness, qi deficiency, or purely cold-phlegm predominates.
Classic Formulas
- Niu Huang Bao Long Wan (牛黄抱龙丸) - classic heat-phlegm convulsion pill that uses Dan Xing or Dan Nan Xing to cool phlegm and calm fright.
- Qi Zhen Dan (七珍丹) - pediatric fright-convulsion formula tradition incorporating Dan Xing to settle phlegm-heat disturbance.
Classical References
- TCM Wiki explicitly lists Dan Xing as an alternate name under Dan Nan Xing, confirming that the two slugs represent the same processed medicine rather than distinct herbs.
- Processing with bile is the defining feature of this drug identity and is what distinguishes it from warm toxic Tian Nan Xing in both nature and indication.
- IMPORT NOTE: This `-2` slug is a synonym record, not a separate species or separate processed product.
Modern Research
Active Compounds
- Cholic-acid lineage compounds (bile acids) - defining processing constituents introduced by the bile-fermentation method
- Chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid derivatives (bile acids) - part of the measured cooling-processing profile
- Taurocholic and glycocholic acid derivatives (conjugated bile acids) - quality-control markers in modern analytical work
- Arisaema lectin and polysaccharide residues (rhizome macromolecules) - retained plant constituents within the processed medicinal
- Fermentation-generated transformation products (processing metabolites) - reflect the clinically meaningful shift from raw to bile-processed Arisaema
Studied Effects
- Fermentation chemistry and anti-inflammatory relevance - twelve bile acids were quantified to explain the processing mechanism of bile arisaema, and associated cell work supported anti-inflammatory potential (PMID 31662947)
- Drug-property research - rat metabolism studies found Arisaema Cum Bile expresses a cool property distinct from warm Tian Nan Xing, supporting its traditional indication shift (PMID 36164875)
- Fever-reducing and cytokine-lowering effects - bile-fermented Arisaema extracts reduced inflammatory mediators and body temperature in experimental fever models (PMID 40350870)
- Metabolic regulation - lipidomics research suggested Dan Xing can influence PPAR signaling and lipid handling in hyperlipidemic rats (PMID 41508208)
PubMed References
- Simultaneous Analysis of Twelve Bile Acids by UPLC-MS and Exploration of the Processing Mechanism of Bile Arisaema by Fermentation. (2019)
- [Study on drug properties of Arisaematis Rhizoma and Arisaema Cum Bile based on substance and energy metabolism in normal and cold/heat syndrome model rats]. (2022)
- [Antipyretic effects of ethanol extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma fermented with bile from different sources]. (2025)
- [Mechanism of Arisaema Cum Bile in treating hyperlipidemia in rats based on lipidomics]. (2025)
Safety & Interactions
Contraindications
- Dry non-phlegm cough or yin-deficiency patterns
- Convulsive disorders without phlegm-heat
- Replacement with raw or inadequately processed Arisaema
Cautions
- Dan Xing is a synonym for bile-processed Arisaema, not a general shorthand for any Nan Xing product; correct processing identity matters
- Use cautiously in weak patients unless there is a clear phlegm-heat or closure presentation justifying this focused medicinal
- MSK page not found - drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database
Conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Bile Arisaema used for?
Bile Arisaema is traditionally used to Clears heat-phlegm and opens obstruction - used for thick turbid phlegm, heat signs, and clouded consciousness when phlegm lodges in the Lung or sensory orifices., Extinguishes wind and relieves convulsive disorders - a focused processing form for epilepsy, stroke, pediatric fright, and phlegm-heat spasms., Targets phlegm-heat cough and rattling sputum - especially when the cough is secondary to hot, tenacious phlegm rather than cold-damp accumulation., Embodies the abbreviation of Dan Nan Xing - Dan Xing is simply the shortened trade or prescription name for the same bile-processed Arisaema medicine.. Research has investigated its effects on: Fermentation chemistry and anti-inflammatory relevance - twelve bile acids were quantified to explain the processing mechanism of bile arisaema, and associated cell work supported anti-inflammatory potential (PMID 31662947); Drug-property research - rat metabolism studies found Arisaema Cum Bile expresses a cool property distinct from warm Tian Nan Xing, supporting its traditional indication shift (PMID 36164875).
What are other names for Bile Arisaema?
Bile Arisaema is also known as Arisaema. In TCM: 胆星 (Dan Xing); Rhizoma Arisaema Cum Bile.
Is Bile Arisaema safe during pregnancy?
The safety of Bile Arisaema during pregnancy has not been established. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before use.
What are the contraindications for Bile Arisaema?
Bile Arisaema should not be used in: Dry non-phlegm cough or yin-deficiency patterns; Convulsive disorders without phlegm-heat; Replacement with raw or inadequately processed Arisaema. Consult a qualified practitioner before use.