Cassia Bark Oil

Chinese
肉桂油
Pinyin
Rou Gui You
Latin
Oleum Cinnamomi

TCM Properties

Taste
acrid, sweet
Temperature
warm
Channels
Spleen, Stomach

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Warms the middle burner and dispels interior cold - Rou Gui You is used when cold obstructs the Spleen and Stomach, leading to epigastric chilliness, poor appetite, abdominal pain, or loose stool that clearly improves with warmth.
  • Strengthens Stomach and Spleen Yang in aromatic form - the oil preparation is lighter and more immediately dispersing than the crude bark decoction, so it is historically associated with short-term use for cold-damp digestive discomfort, nausea from cold, and sluggish middle-jiao Qi movement.
  • Expels wind and opens the surface through aromatic warmth - traditional summaries describe it as useful when exterior wind-cold or cold-damp lodges superficially while the middle burner is also weak and chilled.
  • Provides a concentrated warming external preparation - topical use is traditionally directed toward cold-pattern pain, localized chill, and stiff aching areas where a penetrating cinnamon preparation is preferred over a bulky decoction.

Secondary Actions

  • Rou Gui You should be understood as a preparation derived from the same source plant as Rou Gui, but in a much more concentrated aromatic form that is stronger on the nose, more irritating to tissues, and less suitable for prolonged unsupervised use.
  • The alternate name Gui Pi You (桂皮油) appears in some materia medica references and reflects the overlap between cassia bark and cinnamon-bark oil terminology in trade.

Classical References

  • TCM Wiki records Rou Gui You as pungent, sweet, and warm, with the actions of expelling wind, strengthening the Stomach, and warming the Spleen and Stomach.
  • Traditional usage treats the oil as a preparation-state derivative of Rou Gui rather than a different medicinal species, so its core therapeutic direction remains warming, dispersing, and middle-jiao supporting.
  • IDENTITY NOTE: this record is for the concentrated oil preparation 肉桂油, not the crude bark herb Rou Gui (肉桂); the two share source material but are not interchangeable gram-for-gram.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • trans-cinnamaldehyde (phenylpropanoid aldehyde) - the dominant cassia-oil constituent responsible for much of its antimicrobial, warming, and anti-inflammatory research interest
  • Eugenol (phenylpropanoid) - contributes aromatic, analgesic, and antimicrobial activity in cinnamon-type essential oils
  • Coumarin (benzopyrone) - an important safety-relevant constituent because higher cassia exposure can increase hepatotoxicity concerns
  • Cinnamyl acetate (aromatic ester) - part of the fragrant volatile fraction that helps distinguish cinnamon and cassia oils organoleptically
  • Cinnamic acid and related phenylpropanoids - support the broader antioxidant and metabolic pharmacology literature around cinnamon oils

Studied Effects

  • Direct antimicrobial testing found Chinese cassia oil and cinnamaldehyde active against a range of bacterial and fungal targets, supporting the long-standing external and preservative interest in cinnamon oil preparations (PMID 16710900).
  • A Cinnamomum cassia essential-oil nano-emulsion showed antioxidant, antibacterial, and biologic antiproliferative activity in experimental systems, illustrating how modern formulation work is trying to improve the delivery of this volatile oil (PMID 35472756).
  • A recent pharmacology review summarizes cinnamon oil's chemical composition and discusses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic, and application-oriented research across multiple Cinnamomum oils, including cassia-rich preparations (PMID 39770541).

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Known cinnamon or cassia hypersensitivity
  • Undiluted application to damaged skin or mucous membranes
  • Marked internal Heat or Yin-deficiency heat patterns

Cautions

  • Cassia bark oil is more irritating and sensitizing than the crude bark herb and should generally be diluted before topical use
  • Some cinnamon products contain enough coumarin to raise hepatotoxicity concerns, especially with heavy or prolonged intake
  • Gastrointestinal upset, burning sensations, and allergic skin reactions are possible with concentrated cinnamon oils

Drug Interactions

  • CYP450 substrate drugs — Preclinical studies suggest cinnamon inhibits CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2D, and CYP3A4 and may increase the risk of side effects from drugs metabolized by these enzymes (Moderate) Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrative Medicine - Cinnamon
  • Statins — Concurrent use has been associated with hepatitis in a case report (Moderate) Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrative Medicine - Cinnamon
  • Pioglitazone — Animal studies suggest cinnamon can increase pioglitazone bioavailability (Moderate) Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrative Medicine - Cinnamon

Conditions