Ephedra Root Classic Formulas — Natural Herb Library

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Stops spontaneous sweating and stabilizes the exterior - Ma Huang Gen is the classical root of the ephedra plant and is used for daytime spontaneous sweating due to deficiency rather than for releasing exterior pathogens.
Astringes leakage without harshly trapping heat - it is chosen when qi deficiency, constitutional weakness, or postpartum depletion leave the pores too open and the body unable to secure fluids.
Can be combined for night sweating - while less famous than its role in spontaneous sweating, it is also used when deficiency heat or yin depletion contributes to chronic night sweating.

Mu Li San - classic formula for spontaneous sweating in which Ma Huang Gen helps secure the exterior together with Mu Li, Huang Qi, and Fu Xiao Mai.
Deficiency-sweating combinations often pair Ma Huang Gen with Long Gu, Mu Li, or qi-tonifying herbs when leakage rather than excess is the root issue.
Night-sweat formulas may add Ma Huang Gen in small amounts when fluid containment is weak, though it is usually not the sole treatment when yin deficiency heat is dominant.

Traditional herbology makes a point of the paradox that Ma Huang releases the exterior while Ma Huang Gen stops sweating, showing how root and stem can carry opposite functions.
Classical usage is for deficiency sweating and pore instability, not for exterior wind-cold with aversion to cold and lack of sweating.
Because it secures the exterior, it is avoided when an unresolved pathogen still needs to be vented.