Field Thistle Herb Classic Formulas

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Cools the blood and stops bleeding - Xiao Ji is a classic hemostatic herb especially associated with bleeding from heat, most famously blood in the urine but also nosebleeds, coughing blood, or uterine bleeding.
Dispels blood stasis without overly trapping the blood - unlike purely astringent hemostatics, Xiao Ji can both stop bleeding and help resolve the stagnant component that often accompanies heat injury to the vessels.
Clears heat and resolves toxicity - fresh herb applications and decoctions are also used for sores, abscess-type lesions, and inflammatory swelling.

Xiao Ji Yin Zi - the hallmark formula for blood-strangury and painful urinary bleeding, centered on Xiao Ji's ability to cool blood and direct heat out through the urine.
Hemostatic combinations with Bai Mao Gen, Ce Bai Ye, or Di Yu reflect the herb's role in heat-type bleeding from different body systems.
Topical and fresh-herb traditions use Xiao Ji for carbuncles and swollen toxic sores when bleeding and heat coexist.

Traditional herbology classifies Xiao Ji as sweet and cool, entering the Heart and Liver to cool blood, stop bleeding, dispel stasis, and resolve toxicity.
Its most characteristic indication is hematuria from heat, which is why it is closely tied to blood-lin treatment in formula literature.
Because it is cooling and blood-focused, it is less suitable for deficiency-cold bleeding patterns.